Everything about Parapoxvirus totally explained
Parapoxviruses belong to the
Poxviridae family. Like all members of that family, they're oval, relatively large, double-stranded DNA viruses. Parapoxviruses have a unique spiral coat that distinguishes them from other poxviruses. Parapoxviruses infect
vertebrates.
Not all parapoxviruses are zoonotic. Notable zoonotic hosts of Parapoxvirus include
sheep,
goats, and
cattle.
The most recent species of Parapoxvirus has been found in
New Zealand Red Deer. There are also some tentative species in the genus, including
Auzduk disease virus,
Chamois contagious ecthyma virus, and
Sealpox virus.
Impact
Parapoxviruses cause infection of
cows,
sheep,
goats, and red
squirrels worldwide. They tend to cause lesions which range in size depending on the case. Between
1990 and
1995, there was a
mean of 15 cases reported
annually. This is a significant decline from the annual mean of 46 cases between
1968 and
1978.
Some authors believe that the infection is much more common than reported, as it may not appear to be a serious infection.
Seasonal fluctuations
Most reports indicate a higher frequency of human infections during the
spring and
autumn, presumably due to the seasonal slaughtering of susceptible animals. However, others show a higher occurrence in
winter. This may be attributed to the use of
gorse, an animal feed that may cause
trauma, thereby leading to infection.
Properties
Virions are
enveloped and have a diameter of 160-190
nm. They are about 250-300 nm long, and have a regular surface structure;
tubules with a diameter of 10-20 nm form a criss-cross pattern.
The virions have one molecule of double-stranded
DNA, putting into the Group I category for
virus classification purposes.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Parapoxvirus'.
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